What is CBD?

CBD, also known as cannabidiol, is a substance from the hemp plant that has no intoxicating effect. In this article, you will learn what CBD is and how it works. A scientific study by Smith et al. shows the diverse possible uses of CBD.

Key facts at a glance

• CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid from the hemp plant that has important therapeutic properties without affecting mood or consciousness.
• There are significant differences between CBD and THC, especially in their effects on the body; while THC is psychoactive, CBD is considered safe and well tolerated.
• The quality and safety of CBD products are crucial and require regular laboratory testing to ensure that products comply with legal requirements and do not cause any unwanted effects.
• Hemp oil offers numerous nutritional and cosmetic benefits. It is rich in nutrients and can promote skin health and strengthen the immune system of animals.

What is cannabidiol (CBD)?

CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid found in the hemp plant. Unlike THC, which is known for its intoxicating effects, CBD does not affect mood or consciousness. The abbreviation CBD stands for cannabidiol, a substance extracted from legal hemp plants whose THC content remains below the detection limit.

Since its discovery in 1940, CBD has attracted a lot of attention. It is one of 113 known cannabinoids and makes up to 40 percent of the total extract of the cannabis plant.

CBD is found primarily in the flowers of the hemp plant, but can also be found in smaller amounts in stems and leaves. This versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in many CBD products.

Difference between CBD and THC

A key difference between CBD and THC is their effect on the human body. While THC causes a feeling of intoxication and has psychoactive effects, CBD remains non-psychoactive and does not affect mood or perception. These different effects are due to the chemical structure of the two substances, which only differ in the arrangement of one atom.

CBD is considered safe and well-tolerated, while THC can cause unwanted effects such as anxiety or paranoia. Interestingly, CBD can even weaken the psychoactive effects of THC. This means that cannabidiol offers a wide range of possible uses without the intoxicating effects often associated with cannabis.

History of the Hemp Plant

The history of the hemp plant goes back over 10.000 years and it plays an important role in various areas such as clothing, food and medicine. Over 12.000 years ago, hemp was used in many ways in China and Persia, including for food and for making clothing.

Over the centuries, hemp was also used in Egypt and the Roman Empire, where it was used to produce rope and sailcloth. In the 17th century, hemp was even accepted as a means of payment for taxes in North America.

After a period of oblivion, the hemp plant experienced a comeback after the Second World War, when it was promoted for military purposes. Since the 1990s, the cultivation of industrial hemp has been permitted again in Europe.

The endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network found in the brain and nervous system of all mammals. It plays a central role in regulating physiological processes such as:

• Sensation of pain
• Appetit
• Tuning
• immune functions

CBD interacts with the ECS to promote a balancing effect without altering perception.

The ECS consists of the receptors CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the brain and influence functions such as memory and pain sensation, while CB2 receptors are found primarily in the immune system and peripheral organs and regulate immune responses and inflammation.

The body's main cannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, can bind to these receptors and regulate various bodily functions. CBD does not bind directly to CB1 and CB2, but modulates their activity and increases the availability of the natural endocannabinoids. In this way, cannabidiol helps to keep certain functions of the body in balance and maintain homeostasis.

How does CBD work?

CBD works in the body in several ways, mainly by interacting with the endocannabinoid system. It binds agonistically to the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and can also block their activity. Through this interaction, CBD modulates various functions in the body, including regulating calcium in nerve cells, which is important for neurotransmission.

Another interesting way CBD works is by influencing the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which contributes to its relaxing properties. CBD can also regulate the efficiency of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, thereby improving emotional well-being. These diverse effects make CBD a valuable active ingredient in numerous CBD products.

In addition, cannabidiol docks onto various receptors in the body and regulates various physical and psychological processes. This explains the wide range of positive effects that CBD can have on the human body.

Chemistry and Pharmacology of CBD

Chemical structure and properties

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a fascinating non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the Cannabis sativa plant. With a molar mass of 314,46 g/mol and a density of 1,2 g/cm³, CBD displays remarkable chemical properties. It is practically insoluble in water, which limits its use in water-based products. However, it dissolves well in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform, and petroleum ether. These solubility properties make CBD a versatile active ingredient that can be used in various forms of CBD products such as oils and tinctures. The chemical structure of cannabidiol allows it to be found in high concentrations in the Cannabis sativa plant, making it a valuable component of the hemp plant.

Pharmacological effects and mechanisms

CBD exerts its effects primarily through interaction with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a complex network of receptors and signaling molecules in the human body. It can bind to various cannabinoid receptors, particularly the CB1 and CB2 receptors. These receptors are distributed in various tissues and organs and play a central role in regulating processes such as pain sensation, inflammation and immune responses.

Interestingly, CBD has a pleiotropic effect, which means that it can trigger different biological effects in different ways. It can modulate the activity of cannabinoid receptors and enhance the effects of other drugs. In addition, CBD shows an immunosuppressive effect, which can be beneficial in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. These diverse pharmacological effects make CBD a promising active ingredient in modern medicine.

Applications of CBD

CBD shows therapeutic benefits for various health conditions. For example, it can reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in certain forms of epilepsy. It is also used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis to relieve cramps. The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties of CBD also support the treatment of joint pain, migraines and menstrual cramps.

In animal studies, CBD has shown that it has a soothing effect on chronic pain and anxiety. This versatile use has been partially confirmed by various studies, which underlines its importance in mental health. CBD could also be helpful for various mental illnesses such as stress, anxiety disorders and sleep disorders.

Research into CBD is showing increasing interest in a variety of aspects of physical and mental health. CBD is currently also being studied for the treatment of breast cancer, further highlighting its versatility and potential for future applications.

Medical Applications of Cannabidiol

medicines and therapies

CBD has established itself as a valuable ingredient in various medical applications. A well-known example is the hemp extract nabiximols, which is used as a spasmolytic in multiple sclerosis. This extract contains both CBD and THC and is used to relieve muscle spasticity. In addition, CBD is approved as a drug for the additional therapy of seizures associated with certain rare epilepsy diseases. These applications show the potential of CBD to be effective in severe neurological diseases.

CBD is also widely used in palliative care to relieve conditions such as pain, insomnia, anxiety and depression. The calming and anti-inflammatory properties of CBD make it a valuable addition to pain management and the treatment of mental illnesses. CBD products are available in a variety of forms, including oils, creams, sprays and capsules, giving patients a variety of possible applications.

However, it is important to check the quality and safety of CBD products before using them. The legal situation of CBD varies around the world and is highly dependent on local laws and political decisions. In many Western countries, CBD is legal if it is derived from hemp and contains very little THC. It should also be noted that CBD products are not approved as food and the effectiveness of CBD oils and hemp products is not always scientifically proven. There is evidence of possible health risks, such as damage to the liver. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a doctor or qualified health professional before using CBD products.

ingredients of CBD products

CBD products contain a variety of ingredients that vary depending on the variety and growing conditions of the hemp plant. Around 113 different biochemicals have been identified in the hemp plant, including cannabinoids such as CBD and THC. These ingredients make the hemp plant a unique source of various health benefits.

The spectrum of a CBD product is influenced by the extraction method and subsequent processing. In addition to cannabinoids, CBD products often also contain terpenes and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which together contribute to the effectiveness of the products. These ingredients are explained in more detail in the following subsections.

cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are the main active ingredients in CBD products. Non-psychoactive cannabinoids include CBG, CBD and CBC. CBD makes up about 40% of the total plant resin extract. In addition to CBD, CBD oils can also contain plant oils or other essential oils that affect the taste and application.

In CBD products, the THC content is usually below 0,2% to comply with legal requirements and avoid psychoactive effects. In addition, cannabidiol contains minerals such as iron, copper, manganese and magnesium, which contribute to general health.

In total, more than 500 natural components have been identified in the hemp plant, including about 100 cannabinoids.

terpenes

Terpenes are volatile hydrocarbons produced by many plants, especially cannabis. In the cannabis plant, terpenes are responsible for the different aromas and they enhance the effects of cannabinoids. The entourage effect describes the synergistic cooperation of different compounds in the hemp plant, which leads to a better effect than isolated components.

Terpenes not only support muscle and joint function, but can also improve mood. They are crucial for the terpene entourage effect, which can enhance the properties of cannabidiol. This effect makes terpenes an important ingredient in high-quality CBD products.

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids play an important role in CBD oils. They accelerate cell regeneration, protect cell membranes and inhibit inflammation. The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in CBD oils is optimized to support cell regeneration and reduce inflammation.

These fatty acids therefore contribute significantly to the health effects of CBD products.

forms of CBD products

Before:

CBD products are available in different forms to suit different needs and preferences. The most common forms include oils, capsules, gummies, and vape liquids. CBD extracts are made into different products such as oils, creams, or edibles. There are also special CBD products for animals that are tailored to their specific needs.

After:

CBD products are available in a variety of forms to suit different needs and preferences. The most common forms include:

• cbd oils
• Capsules
• Rubbers
• vape liquids

CBD extracts are processed into various products such as oils, creams or edible products. There are also special CBD products for animals that are tailored to their specific needs.

Before:

This variety allows consumers to choose the product that best suits them. Products such as capsules, foods, tinctures, vaporizer liquids, cosmetics and drinks can be made from CBD oil.

After:

This variety allows consumers to choose the product that best suits them. The products that can be made from CBD oil include:

• Capsules
• Food
• Tinctures
• liquid for vaporizers
• Cosmetics
• Drinks

The most important forms of CBD products are explained in more detail below.

CBD Oil

The most popular CBD product is CBD oil. It is made from specially bred hemp plants and can be extracted using various methods. CBD oil is made from high-quality, EU-certified hemp plants and the safest method of extraction is the CO2 extraction process. After extraction, the CBD oil is refined. It can then be processed into various consumer products.

There are different concentrations of CBD oils that can be selected depending on your needs. Users can ensure they get a CBD oil with an entourage effect by choosing between full-spectrum and broad-spectrum CBD oils. CBD oil usually consists of a carrier oil in addition to CBD, which affects the taste. It is the most well-known way to benefit from the properties of cannabidiol.

CBD capsules

CBD capsules offer a pre-made dosage and are easy to take. They are especially suitable for those who do not like the taste of oil or prefer precise dosing. These capsules are often combined with other beneficial ingredients to maximize their effectiveness.

Taking CBD capsules is discreet and convenient, making them a popular choice for many users. They allow for consistent dosing and are ideal for daily use. CBD capsules offer a convenient alternative to other forms of CBD products.

CBD cosmetics

Hemp products in cosmetics are often valued for their antioxidant properties and are said to slow down skin aging. Care products containing cannabidiol provide the skin with valuable ingredients locally and contribute to healthy skin. These products are particularly popular with people who are looking for natural and beneficial skin care products.

CBD cosmetics include a variety of products such as creams, lotions and serums. These products use the soothing and anti-inflammatory properties of CBD to relieve skin problems and improve the overall appearance of the skin. The use of CBD in cosmetics is a growing trend in the beauty industry.

Quality and safety of CBD products

The quality and safety of CBD products are crucial. Regular laboratory testing of products is necessary to check the content of THC and other ingredients. Many CBD products are known to contain more THC than legally permitted, which can lead to unexpected psychoactive effects. Therefore, it is important to only buy products from trustworthy manufacturers who ensure transparent manufacturing processes and regular testing.

The safety of CBD products is not always guaranteed, as they are often sold without thorough proof of effectiveness. Many products are not approved as food supplements, which can pose risks to consumers. The products should be guaranteed to be free of heavy metals and solvent residues in order not to endanger the health of the users.

Transparency in the manufacturing process is our top priority. Regular analyses and tests ensure the quality of the CBD products. Pay attention to high quality, as profit often comes before quality. This is the only way to ensure that the CBD products are safe and effective.

Side effects and risks

Before:

CBD is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated substance compared to many over-the-counter and prescription medications. However, there are some reported side effects when using CBD, including diarrhea, fatigue, elevated liver enzymes, and loss of appetite. The way CBD is taken and the dosage can affect the possible side effects.

After:

CBD is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated substance compared to many over-the-counter and prescription medications. However, there are some reported side effects when using CBD, including:

• diarrhea
• fatigue
• increased liver values
• anorexia

The form and dosage of CBD can influence the possible side effects.

The side effects of CBD have not been extensively researched, and the data comes mainly from clinical trials of a specific drug for epilepsy. Short-term side effects are known for CBD, but the long-term effects and side effects have not been adequately studied, which could pose a risk if used daily. Taking high doses of CBD can result in possible liver damage.

Interactions with other medications are possible, especially those that are metabolized by liver enzymes. Changes in liver metabolism can occur as a side effect of treatment with CBD. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) describes cannabidiol as generally well tolerated with a good safety profile.

Legal status of CBD

The legal situation of CBD in Germany is favorable as long as the THC content is below 0,3%. The medical use of CBD is only permitted with a doctor's prescription and under strict conditions. CBD products must comply with the conditions of the Narcotics Act and exclude abuse for intoxication purposes.

The rules for CBD products vary by state, resulting in different legal interpretations. Most CBD products on the market are not approved as food, which can pose risks to consumers.

The European Food Safety Authority has stopped the review for the approval of CBD as a novel food due to safety concerns. The approval of CBD as a novel food is still pending in Germany.

Tips for Buying CBD Products

New users of CBD should start with lower concentrations of 5% to 10% to achieve the desired effects. It is recommended to buy low-concentration CBD products to start with. Choosing the right CBD product depends on individual needs.

CBD capsules offer an easy way to dose accurately and are particularly suitable for those who do not like the taste of oil. The online shop offers personal advice via chat, email or a free hotline to help customers choose the right product.

Summary

CBD has established itself as a versatile and valuable component of modern medicine and healthcare. From its calming and anti-inflammatory properties to its ability to support the endocannabinoid system, it offers a wide range of benefits. Regular intake of cannabidiol is important to achieve the best results.

In conclusion, CBD is considered a natural, tolerable alternative to conventional remedies. With the right knowledge and the right products, everyone can benefit from the positive properties of cannabidiol. Discover the world of CBD and find out how it can improve your life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is cannabidiol (CBD)?

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid derived from the hemp plant that has no effects on mood, perception, or consciousness. It is widely used for its potential health benefits.

How is CBD different from THC?

CBD differs from THC in that it has no psychoactive effects and therefore does not affect mood or perception. While THC causes intoxication, CBD remains neutral and has a therapeutic effect.

What are the possible uses for CBD?

CBD can be used therapeutically for epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, joint pain, migraines, menstrual cramps, anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. Its versatile applications make it an interesting option in healthcare.

Are CBD products safe?

CBD products are generally considered safe and well-tolerated, but it is important to be aware of potential side effects such as diarrhea, fatigue, and elevated liver enzymes.

What should I consider when buying CBD products?

When purchasing CBD products, it is advisable to start with lower dosages and look for products from trusted manufacturers who conduct regular laboratory tests. This ensures quality and safety.